Glossary Terms

Identify Input Purpose

A WCAG 2.1 success criterion (1.3.5, Level AA) requiring that common input fields, like name, email, or address, be programmatically identified using standard HTML autocomplete values.

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Images of Text

A WCAG success criterion (1.4.5, Level AA) discouraging the use of images to display text that could be presented as real, styled text instead.

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Inclusive Design

Inclusive design is a design methodology that considers the full range of human diversity, including disability, from the very start of a project, rather than retrofitting accessibility onto a finished product.

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IS 17802

IS 17802 is India's national technical standard for ICT accessibility, split into Part 1 (web content) and Part 2 (non-web/software), and the primary reference standard under the RPwD Act framework.

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Israeli Standard 5568

Israel's web accessibility standard, requiring WCAG 2.0 Level AA conformance, phased in since 2017 under the country's Equal Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act.

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JAWS

JAWS (Job Access With Speech) is a paid, long-established screen reader for Windows, widely used in corporate and government settings and one of the most common screen readers referenced in accessibility testing.

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JIS X 8341 (Japan)

Japan's national industrial standard for web content accessibility, based on WCAG 2.0, formally titled Guidelines for older persons and persons with disabilities.

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Keyboard Navigation

Keyboard navigation is the ability to use a website entirely with a keyboard alone, using keys like Tab, Shift+Tab, Enter, Space, and arrow keys, without needing a mouse, trackpad, or touchscreen.

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Keyboard-Only Testing

Manually testing a website using only a keyboard, unplugging or setting aside the mouse, to confirm every interactive element is reachable, operable, and visibly focused.

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KWCAG (South Korea)

South Korea's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, currently version 2.1, aligned with international WCAG 2.1 and required under the country's disability discrimination law.

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Label in Name

A WCAG 2.1 success criterion (2.5.3, Level A) requiring that the visible text label on a control also appear, word for word, in its accessible name.

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Landmark Regions

Landmark regions are structural sections of a page, such as banner, navigation, main, and contentinfo, marked up so screen reader users can jump directly between them instead of reading the whole page top to bottom.

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Lighthouse Accessibility Audit

An automated accessibility scoring report built into Chrome DevTools and Google's Lighthouse tool, generating a 0-100 score based on a subset of automatable WCAG checks.

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Live Region Politeness

The setting on an ARIA live region, polite, assertive, or off, that controls how urgently a screen reader interrupts the user to announce a dynamic content update.

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Low Vision

Low vision describes significant visual impairment that is not fully correctable with glasses or contact lenses, ranging from blurred central vision to severely reduced peripheral or overall vision.

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Manual Accessibility Testing

Manual accessibility testing is hands-on evaluation performed by a trained human, using a keyboard and real assistive technology, to catch issues automated scanners cannot detect on their own.

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Marrakesh Treaty

An international copyright treaty requiring signatory countries to permit accessible-format copies of published works, like braille or audio editions, for blind and print-disabled people.

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Meaningful Sequence

A WCAG success criterion (1.3.2, Level A) requiring that content be presented in an order that preserves its meaning when read by assistive technology, regardless of visual layout.

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Mobile App Accessibility

Accessibility as applied to native iOS and Android apps, covering platform-specific screen reader support, touch target sizing, and gesture alternatives distinct from web accessibility rules.

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Modal Dialog Pattern

The WAI-ARIA design pattern for pop-up dialogs that trap keyboard focus inside the dialog, label it correctly, and return focus to its trigger when closed.

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Motor Disability

Motor disability refers to conditions that limit fine motor control, hand strength, range of motion, or stamina, affecting how someone can use a mouse, touchscreen, or standard keyboard.

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Neurodivergence

Neurodivergence describes natural variation in how brains process information, attention, and sensory input, including autism, ADHD, and dyslexia, and is increasingly used as an inclusive framing alongside clinical disability terms.

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New York State Human Rights Law

A New York state civil rights law prohibiting disability discrimination in places of public accommodation, increasingly applied by courts and regulators to commercial websites.

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